![]() Wolfram's cellular-automata work came to be cited in more than 10,000 papers. He conjectured that the Rule 110 cellular automaton might be Turing complete, which was later proved correct. He produced a series of papers systematically investigating the class of elementary cellular automata, conceiving the Wolfram code, a naming system for one-dimensional cellular automata, and a classification scheme for the complexity of their behaviour. Instead, he began pursuing investigations into cellular automata, mainly with computer simulations. By that time, he was no longer interested in particle physics. In 1983, Wolfram left for the School of Natural Sciences of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Later career Complex systems and cellular automata įollowing his PhD, Wolfram joined the faculty at Caltech and became the youngest recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship in 1981, at age 21. Fox on the theory of the strong interaction is still used in experimental particle physics. Working independently, Wolfram published a widely cited paper on heavy quark production at age 18 and nine other papers. Wolfram, at the age of 15, began research in applied quantum field theory and particle physics and published scientific papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals including Nuclear Physics B, Australian Journal of Physics, Nuovo Cimento, and Physical Review D. Sciulli and Steven Frautschi, and chaired by Richard D. Wolfram's thesis committee was composed of Richard Feynman, Peter Goldreich, Frank J. John's College, Oxford, at age 17 and left in 1978 without graduating to attend the California Institute of Technology the following year, where he received a PhD in particle physics on 19 November 1979 at age 20. By age 14, he had written three books on particle physics. At the age of 12, he wrote a directory of physics. As a young child, Wolfram had difficulties learning arithmetic. ![]() Wolfram was educated at Eton College, but left prematurely in 1976. Stephen Wolfram is married to a mathematician. Wolfram's mother, Sybil Wolfram, was a Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy at Lady Margaret Hall at University of Oxford from 1964 to 1993. Wolfram's father, Hugo Wolfram, was a textile manufacturer and served as managing director of the Lurex Company-makers of the fabric Lurex. His maternal grandmother was British psychoanalyst Kate Friedlander. Stephen Wolfram was born in London in 1959 to Hugo and Sybil Wolfram, both German Jewish refugees to the United Kingdom. 3.5 Wolfram Alpha computational knowledge engine.3.1 Complex systems and cellular automata.
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